Monthly rainfall-runoff models applied to arid and semiarid catchments for water resource estimation purposes
نویسندگان
چکیده
Problems associated with the application of monthly rainfallrunoff models to arid and semiarid areas for water resource estimation purposes are discussed with respect to the representation of hydrological processes and the model rainfall input. The problems are illustrated using a specific monthly model applied to catchments within the semiarid to arid parts of southern Africa. Some model improvements are suggested and briefly evaluated and the application of a daily model to one of the catchments is compared. The overall conclusion is that while a detailed examination of the available rainfall data can account for many of the inadequate simulation results on an individual month basis, it is difficult to make allowances for the lack of resolution in the normally available information. Other problems related to the structure of individual models can be surmounted by limited model developments, but very little can be done to bypass the rainfall quantification problem. Application à l'estimation des ressources en eau de modèles d'écoulement mensuels dans des bassins arides et semi-arides Résumé On examine ici les problèmes associés à l'application de modèles d'écoulement mensuels dans des zones arides et semi-arides en vue de fournir une estimation des ressources en eau, en particulier les problèmes concernant la représentation des processus hydrologiques et la modélisation des précipitations. Ces problèmes sont illustrés grâce à un modèle mensuel particulier, utilisé dans des bassins des régions semiarides et arides de l'Afrique australe. Quelques améliorations possibles du modèle sont suggérées et discutées, et une comparaison avec un modèle quotidien réalisée sur l'un des bassins étudiés est présenté. Même si un examen détaillé des données pluviométriques disponibles peut expliquer la plupart des résultats de simulation qui, pour des mois particuliers, laissent à désirer, on doit conclure qu'il est en général difficile d'incriminer les informations normalement disponibles. D'autres problèmes, ayant trait à la structure de modèles particuliers, peuvent être surmontés par des modifications minimes de ces modèles, mais il y a bien peu de choses à faire pour contourner le problème de l'estimation des précipitations.
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